Iyini i-Pressure Relief Valve – Incazelo Yedivayisi Yokuphepha

Iyini i-Pressure Relief Valve?

I-Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) iyithuluzi lokuphepha elizenzakalelayo elenzelwe ukuvikela izinhlelo ezivalekile, imishini, namapayipi ekulimaleni okubangelwa ukucindezela okukhulu. Iqukethe iziphethu ezilinganisiwe kanye nezinto zokulawula amanzi. Lapho ukucindezela kohlelo kufinyelela emkhawulweni we-valve obekwe ngaphambilini, i-valve iyasebenza ukuze ikhulule ukucindezela okukhulu.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Valve Yokukhulula Ukucindezeleka?

Uma ingcindezi yomusi ngaphansi kwediski yevalvu idlula amandla okucindezela entwasahlobo, idiski iyaphakama. Lapho ivulwa, umusi okhishwe usebenza ngokumelene nendandatho yokubamba idiski ngamandla okusabela endandatho yokulungisa engezansi, okubangela ukuvulwa okugcwele okusheshayo. Njengoba idiski ikhuphuka kakhulu, umusi uthinta indandatho yokulungisa ephezulu, uqondisa ukugeleza okuqondile phansi. Ukucindezela okusebenzayo okuphumelayo kusunduza idiski phezulu, kugcina ukuphakama okwanele kokuphakamisa ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lokucindezela. Njengoba imigodi yokucindezela iphuma, ingcindezi yesistimu iyancipha kancane kancane. Amandla entwasahlobo abese enqoba ingcindezi yomusi kanye nokucindezela okusabelayo, evala ivalvu ngokuphephile.

Umsebenzi we-Relief Valve: Inhloso Eyinhloko Nokubaluleka

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Pressure Relief Valve (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Safety Valve) ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu wesistimu, ukuvikela ubuqotho bemishini. Ngokulawula ukucindezeleka ngokuzimela, ama-PRV akhipha uketshezi uma sekufinyelelwe ukucindezeleka okubucayi, agcine ukucindezeleka kokusebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, kuvimbela ukwehluleka ngenxa yokucindezeleka ngokweqile, futhi kunciphisa ukuvuza noma ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kohlelo lonke.

Ukubaluleka Okubalulekile Kwama-Valve Okusiza Ukucindezeleka

Ama-PRV adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zezimboni. Ngaphandle kwawo, ukwanda kwengcindezi okungavamile ezinhlelweni ezinengcindezi ephezulu kungabangela ukuqhuma kwamapayipi okubi kakhulu, ukubhujiswa kwemishini, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezinkulu. Ukwehluleka okunjalo kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezezimali kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezingenakulinganiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha i-PRV efanele, ukuhlolwa njalo, ukulungiswa, kanye nokufakwa kwezingxenye ezinephutha ngesikhathi esifanele kubalulekile.

I-Valve Yokusiza Ukucindezeleka Kokuphepha: Amagama Asetshenziswayo kanye Nobubanzi

Ngokubanzi, i-“Safety Valve” ihlanganisa ama-valve okusiza ukucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, izincazelo zomthetho zichaza ukuthi ama-valve afakwe ngqo kuma-steam boilers noma emikhumbi yokucindezela ye-Class I - edinga isitifiketi somzimba olawulayo - abizwa ngokuqinile ngokuthi ama-Safety Valve. Amanye ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngokuthi ama-Relief Valve noma ama-Pressure Relief Valve.

I-Valve Yokuphepha vs. I-Valve Yokusiza Ukucindezeleka: Umehluko Obalulekile

Nakuba kufana ngokwesakhiwo nangokusebenza (zombili zikhipha ngokuzenzakalelayo imidiya uma zidlula ingcindezi ebekiwe), Amavalvu Okuphepha kanye Namavalvu Okusiza Ukucindezeleka ahlukile ngokwe-ASME Boiler kanye ne-Pressure Vessel Code, Isigaba I:

I-Valve Yokuphepha: Ivalvu eqhutshwa umfutho enesenzo "sokuvula ngokushesha". Isetshenziswa kakhulu kwisevisi yegesi noma yesitimu.

I-Valve Yokusiza (I-Valve Yokusiza Ukucindezeleka): Ivalvu eqhutshwa umfutho ivuleka ngokulinganayo njengoba umfutho udlula iphuzu elibekiwe. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kwisevisi yoketshezi (uketshezi).

Naphezu kwalezi zincazelo, ukudideka kuyaqhubeka ngenxa yokufana kokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa okushintshana kwezinye izincazelo zezitshalo, okuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni zokusebenza.

Izimiso Zokukhetha Amavalvu Okusiza Ukucindezeleka

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwevalvu olufanele kubalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kahle:

1. Amabhoyila Omusi:Ngokuvamile sebenzisa ama-Open, Full-Lift Spring-Loaded Safety Valve.

2. Isevisi Yoketshezi:Ngokuvamile kudinga ama-Valve Okuphepha Ane-Low-Lift Spring-Loaded (Ama-Valve Okusiza).

3. Isevisi Yomoya/Igesi:Sebenzisa Amavalvu Okukhulula Ukucindezeleka Avaliwe, Agcwele Ukuphakamisa Isisindo.

4. Amathangi e-LPG (Emgwaqweni/Esitimela):Kudinga Amavalvu Okusiza Ukucindezeleka Afakwe Ngaphakathi, Agcwele Ukuphakama.

5. Izindawo Zokuthengisa Uphethiloli:Ngokuvamile kudingeka ama-valve okusiza ukucindezeleka aqhutshwa yi-pilot.

6. I-Bypass Yokudlula Ephakeme Yesikhungo Sikagesi Esinomusi:Sebenzisa amavalvu asebenza nge-Pilot anemisebenzi yokuphepha nokulawula ehlanganisiwe.

7. Isidingo Sokuhlolwa Okuvamile:Amavalvu adinga ukuhlolwa ngesandla adinga i-lever (idivayisi yokuphakamisa). Lokhu kuvumela ukuphakamisa ingxenye ngokucindezela okusethwe okungu-≥75% ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza.

8. Isevisi Yokushisa Okuphezulu (>300°C yamavalvu avaliwe, >350°C yamavalvu avulekile):Kumelwe usebenzise ama-Valve anama-Heat Sinks/ama-Cooling Fins.

Izindinganiso Zevalvu Yokuphepha: Izinhlaka Zomhlaba Wonke

Izindinganiso eziyinhloko zokuphatha zifaka:

JB/T 2203-1999 (eShayina – Okujwayelekile):

Izinga elijwayelekile lasekhaya lobukhulu bevalvu yokuphepha kwentwasahlobo. Kukhona imikhawulo (ubuningi be-DN200 yokuphakamisa okugcwele, i-DN100 yokuphakamisa okuphansi, i-DN65/DN125 engekho). Umkhuba wemboni uvame ukweqa imikhawulo yosayizi (kufika ku-DN250 yokuphakamisa okuphansi, i-DN400 yokuphakamisa okugcwele). Ubukhulu beflange obungaguquki (isb., izinhlobo ze-DN150) budinga ukubuyekezwa kokujwayelekile ukuze kushintshwe.

I-API 526 (US – Amavalvu Ane-Flanged):

Izinga elijwayelekile lemishini yamakhemikhali/yephethroli engenisiwe. Ihlanganisa i-DN25-DN200 (1″-8″), 2-42MPa, osayizi bomphimbo i-DT (9.5-146mm). Ngokwesayensi ichaza imininingwane ngobukhulu bomphimbo. Ithola ukuthandwa eShayina ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuhweba/yemishini. Akukabi yizinga likazwelonke laseShayina.

Amavalvu Asebenza Ngomshayeli Wendiza (Imodeli ka-Anderson Greenwood):

Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yomthamo ophezulu, umehluko wokusebenza ophansi, ukuvuza okucishe kube yi-zero, kanye nokungazweli kokucindezeleka emuva (isb., amapayipi egesi yemvelo). Ayinazo izindinganiso zaseShayina ezizinikele; abakhiqizi abaningi balandela imiklamo ka-Anderson Greenwood. Isidingo esiphuthumayo sezindinganiso zasekhaya (isb., yi-HF General Machinery Research Institute).

Uchungechunge lwe-HT (Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwezindiza 11th - China):

Uhlelo oluhlukile oluhlanganisa i-HTO (ejwayelekile), i-HTB (i-bellows elinganisiwe), i-HTR (ukuvula umoya), i-HTN (ekhethekile), i-HTGS (isisi esinomoya ophezulu), i-HTXY (uketshezi), i-HTXD (eqhutshwa yi-pilot). I-HTXD yabelana ngobukhulu no-Anderson Greenwood; ezinye zihlukile ezindinganisweni ze-API/JB. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ngesikhathi sokukhetha.

Isiphetho

Ama-Valve Okusiza Ukucindezeleka ayizingxenye zokuphepha eziyisisekelo ezivimbela ukulimala kwemishini nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kohlelo ngokulawula ukucindezeleka ngokweqile. Indima yawo ebalulekile emisebenzini yezimboni ithinta ngqo imiphumela yokukhiqiza kanye nokuphepha. Izinhlangano kumele zibeke phambili ukukhethwa kwe-PRV okufanele, ukufakwa okunembile, amashejuli okulungisa aqinile, kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kohlelo okuthembekile, okuphephile, nokusebenza kahle.