Iyini i-Shutdown Valve (SDV)

KuyiniI-Valve Yokuvala

I-Valve Yokuvala (ebizwa nangokuthi i-SDV noma i-Emergency Shutdown Valve, i-ESV, i-ESD, nomaI-ESDV) iyivalvu eqhutshwayo eyenzelwe ukuvimba ukugeleza koketshezi oluyingozi lapho kutholwa isenzakalo esiyingozi.

ihlinzeka ngesivikelo ekulimaleni okungenzeka kubantu, imishini noma emvelweni. Ama-valve okuvala ayingxenye yoHlelo Lwezinto Zokuphepha. Inqubo yokuhlinzeka ngesivikelo sokuphepha esizenzakalelayo lapho kutholakala isenzakalo esiyingozi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Functional Safety.

Izinhlobo zeValve Yokuvala

Koketshezi, insimbi ihleziamavalvu ebholazisetshenziswa njengama-valve okuvala (ama-SDV). Ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve ebhola ahleli phansi ensimbi kuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi uma kucatshangelwa ukulahleka kokukhiqizwa kanye nempahla, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ama-valve ezivela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-valve ebhola ahleli phansi athambile anezindleko eziphansi zokuqala.

Amavalvu okugeleza aqondile, njengamavalvu ebhola elijikelezayo, ngokuvamile angamavalvu okululama okuphezulu. Amavalvu okululama okuphezulu angamavalvu alahlekelwa amandla amancane ngenxa yokuxinana okuncane kokugeleza. Izindlela zokugeleza ziqondile. Amavalvu okulawula okujikelezayo, ivalvu yebhabhathane namavalvu ebhola ayizibonelo ezinhle.

Ukuze kucinywe umoya ongenayo, kuvame ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene, okungukuthi ama-butterfly valve kanye nama-swing gate noma ama-guillotine valve. Ngenxa yokuthi izinjini zedizili zivuthela uphethiloli zisebenzisa ukucindezela esikhundleni sokushisa ngogesi, ukuvala umthombo kaphethiloli enjinini yedizili ngeke kuvimbe injini ukuthi isebenze.

Uma kukhona i-hydrocarbon yangaphandle, njengegesi ye-methane, emkhathini, ingamuncwa enjinini kadizili okubangela isivinini esikhulu noma ukujikeleza ngokweqile, okungase kuholele ekuhlulekeni okukhulu kanye nokuqhuma. Uma iqhutshwa, ama-valve e-ESD ayamisa ukuhamba komoya futhi avimbele lokhu kwehluleka.

Izinhlobo Zokusebenza

Njengoba ama-valve okuvala akha ingxenye ye-SIS. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-valve nge-actuator.

Lawa ma-actuator ngokuvamile ayindlela yamandla oketshezi aphephile.

Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zalezi yilezi:

Isilinda somoya

Isilinda se-hydraulic

I-actuator ye-electro-hydraulic

Ngaphezu kohlobo loketshezi, ama-actuator nawo ayahlukahluka ngendlela amandla agcinwa ngayo ukuze asebenze i-valve uma kudingeka kanje:

Isilinda esisebenza esisodwa– Noma ukubuya kwentwasahlobo lapho amandla egcinwa khona ngesiphethu esicindezelwe

Isilinda esisebenza kabili– Amandla agcinwa kusetshenziswa umthamo woketshezi olucindezelwe

Uhlobo lokuqalisa oludingekayo luncike ekusetshenzisweni, izinsiza zendawo kanye nendawo ebonakalayo etholakalayo yize iningi lama-actuator asetshenziselwa ama-valve okuvala liwuhlobo lokubuyela kwentwasahlobo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezinhlelo zokubuyela kwentwasahlobo.

Ukulinganisa Ukusebenza

Ngobaamavalvu okuvalaUma kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zemishini yokuphepha, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ivalvu iyakwazi ukunikeza izinga elidingekayo lokusebenza kokuphepha nokuthi ivalvu izosebenza uma kudingeka.

Izinga lokusebenza elidingekayo linqunywa yi-Safety Integrity Level (SIL). Ukuze kulandelwe leli zinga lokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ivalvu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela zokuhlola ezitholakalayo.Ukuhlolwa kobufakazi

– Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngesandla okuvumela opharetha ukuthi anqume ukuthi ivalvu isesimweni “esisha” ngokuhlola zonke izindlela zokwehluleka ezingaba khona futhi kudinga ukuvalwa kwesitshaloUkuhlolwa Kokuxilonga

– Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo ku-inthanethi okuzobona iphesenti lezindlela zokwehluleka okungenzeka kwevalvu yokuvala. Isibonelo salokhu sevalvu yokuvala kungaba ukuhlolwa kwestroke engaphelele. Isibonelo sedivayisi yokuhlola istroke engaphelele yomshini.