Uma usebenza ngama-valve esango lezimboni, kuphakanyiswa izindinganiso ezimbili ngokuphindaphindiwe:I-API 600futhiI-ASME B16.34Azikwazi ukushintshaniswa, futhi ukukhetha okungalungile kungaholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme noma ekwehlulekeni kohlelo.
Lo mhlahlandlela ukuqondisa ngomehluko wesakhiwo, izimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwangempela kwendinganiso ngayinye. Ekugcineni, uzokwazi ukuthi uzoyichaza niniI-valve yesango le-API 600futhi umaI-valve yesango le-ASME B16.34ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile.
Iyini i-API 600 Gate Valve?
I-API 600 iyindinganiso yomkhiqizo eshicilelwe yi-American Petroleum Institute. Isihloko sayo esigcwele sithi *Amavalvu Esango Lensimbi – Iziphetho Zokushisela Ezinezinqe Nezinqe, Amabhonethi Anebholti*. Yakhishwa okokuqala ngo-1949, yadalelwa ngqo isevisi eqinile ezitshalweni zokuhluza uwoyela kanye negesi yemvelo.
Indinganiso ihlanganisa izigaba zokucindezela kusukela ku-Class 150 kuya ku-Class 2500 kanye nosayizi kusukela ku-NPS 2 kuya ku-NPS 48. Ichaza izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezingaphezu kuka-20, okuhlanganisa izinto zokwakha, ukujiya kodonga, ububanzi besiqu, ukusebenza kokuvala, ukuqina kokushisa okuphansi, kanye nokuphepha komlilo. Uhlelo lwakamuva (i-API STD 600:2021) luqinisa isidingo somklamo ogcwele imbobo, ukujiya kodonga okunzima, kanye neziqu ezinkulu.
Iyini i-ASME B16.34 Gate Valve?
I-ASME B16.34 iyindinganiso eyisisekelo yamavalvu ethuthukiswe yi-American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Isebenza kumavalvu okugcina ahlanganisiwe, afakwe intambo, kanye nawokushisela azo zonke izinhlobo ezivamile - isango, iglobhu, isheke, ibhola, kanye namavalvu ebhabhathane.
Ngokungafani ne-API 600, ehlanganisa ama-valve esango kuphela, i-ASME B16.34 inikeza izilinganiso zokushisa kwengcindezi, amaqembu ezinto (angu-49 esewonke), amafomula okujiya kodonga, imithetho yokumaka, kanye nezidingo zokuhlola. Isukela ku-Class 150 kuya ku-Class 4500, futhi isebenza emazingeni okushisa asukela ku--29°C kuya ngaphezu kuka-500°C, kuye ngokuthi izinto ziyini.
Umehluko Wesakhiwo Phakathi Kwama-valve Esango le-API 600 kanye ne-ASME B16.34
Lezi zindinganiso ezimbili zibukeka zifana ekuqaleni, kodwa imiklamo yazo yangaphakathi ihluke kakhulu.
Ubukhulu Bodonga
I-ASME B16.34 ichazaubuncaneUbukhulu bodonga buyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe umfutho ophephile. Lokhu kugcina ama-valve elula futhi engabizi kakhulu.
Izidingo ze-API 600ukujiya okwengeziwe kodonga– ngokuvamile cishe ngo-20% ngaphezulu – okusebenza njengesibonelelo sokugqwala esakhelwe ngaphakathi. Leyo nsimbi eyengeziwe yandisa impilo yesevisi ezindaweni zokucwenga ezigugulekayo.
Umklamo Wesiqu
I-API 600 idinga i-isiqu esiqinile, esiqinileenobubanzi obukhulu kunezindinganiso ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukugoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu noma lapho i-wedge inamathela ngenxa yokwanda kokushisa noma udoti.
I-ASME B16.34 ayiphoqi isiqu esiqinile; abakhiqizi bangakhetha imiklamo eguquguqukayo uma uhlelo lokusebenza luvuma.
Ukuxhumeka kwe-Bonnet
Amavalvu esango le-API 600 cishe njalo asebenzisa ibhonethi enebholidi noma ibhonethi yokuvala ingcindezi. Uhlobo lokuvala ingcindezi luyaqina njengoba ingcindezi yangaphakathi ikhuphuka - ilungele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu.
I-ASME B16.34 ishiya uhlobo lwebhonethi luvulekile, inika abaklami inkululeko eyengeziwe.
Uhlobo Lokuvala
I-API 600 ifuna i-uphawu lwensimbi kuya kwensimbienobuso obuqinile (isb., iStellite) esihlalweni kanye ne-wedge. Lokhu kusingatha amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemidiya egcwele izinhlayiya.
I-ASME B16.34 ivumela izivalo ezithambile noma izivalo zensimbi, kuye ngomklamo womenzi.
Uhlobo lwe-Wedge kanye nosayizi we-Bore
Amavalvu esango le-API 600 cishe njaloegcwele(imbobo egcwele) ukunciphisa ukumelana nokugeleza kwamanzi nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwemfucumfucu. I-wedge ngokuvamile iyi-wedge eqinile noma eguquguqukayo.
I-ASME B16.34 ivumela ukwakheka kwemigodi encishisiwe uma nje indawo encane yokugeleza ihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuphepha.
Isisindo Esiphelele
Ngenxa yodonga olusindayo, isiqu esikhulu, kanye nebhonethi eqinile,I-valve yesango le-API 600inesisindo esingaphezu kuka-20% kune-I-valve yesango le-ASME B16.34enobukhulu obufanayo kanye nesigaba sokucindezela. Lowo mehluko wesisindo uwumphumela oqondile wefilosofi yokuklama ehlukene.
Izimo Zokusebenza – Lapho Izinga Ngalinye Liphumelela Kakhulu
Isevisi Ejwayelekile Yama-API 600 Gate Valve
Uzothola ama-valve esango le-API 600 ezinsizeni zezimboni eziqine kakhulu:
- Izindawo zokuhlanza uwoyela– amayunithi okuqhekeka kwe-catalytic, i-hydrocracking, kanye ne-coker lapho i-media iqukethe i-sulfur, ama-hydrocarbon okushisa okuphezulu, noma ama-catalyst fines.
- Izinhlelo zomusi ezicindezela kakhulu– ngaphezu kwe-5 MPa (cishe i-725 psi), njengezintambo ezinkulu zomusi eziteshini zikagesi.
- Ukugeleza okugcwele izinto eziqinile ezishisa kakhulu– uketshezi oluthwala izinhlayiya ze-coke noma uthuli lwe-catalyst.
- Izindawo ezivame ukuba nomlilo– isihlalo sensimbi sinikeza ukuphepha komlilo okungokwemvelo ngaphandle kwesitifiketi esengeziwe.
Isevisi Ejwayelekile Yama-valve Esango le-ASME B16.34
Amavalvu esango le-ASME B16.34 amboza ububanzi obubanzi bemboni ejwayelekile:
- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kanye ne-HVAC– i-media ehlanzekile, ecindezelekile efika ku-Class 600 kanye no-425°C.
- Imigqa yenqubo yamakhemikhali– izinketho eziningi zezinto ezibonakalayo ziyatholakala, kodwa ngaphandle kwemingcele yokuphepha eyengeziwe ye-API 600.
- Izinhlelo ezisizayo zesitshalo sikagesi– amanzi apholile, uwoyela wokugcoba, kanye nomusi ophansi wokucindezela.
- Ukudluliswa okuvamile kukawoyela negesi– lapho kungekho khona ukuguguleka okukhulu noma ingozi yomlilo.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi
I-API 600 Gate Valve – Izinzuzo
| Inzuzo | Kungani Kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Ukuthembeka okukhulu kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni okunzima | Yakhelwe i-Class 150 kuya ku-Class 2500 enezidingo ezingaphezu kuka-20 |
| Ukuvala okuhle kakhulu | Izibambo zezihlalo zensimbi zezinhlayiya kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu; kutholakala ukupakisha ukukhishwa komoya okuphansi |
| Ukuphepha komlilo okungokwemvelo | Akukho ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okudingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe isevisi evuthayo |
| Amandla aphezulu esakhiwo | Izindonga ezijiyile, isiqu esikhulu, kanye nebhonethi eqinile kumelana nokusetshenziswa kabi |
| Impilo yenkonzo ende | Ubukhulu bodonga obuningi kanye nokuqina kobuso kumelana nokugqwala nokuguguleka |
I-API 600 Gate Valve – Ububi
| Ububi | Kungani Kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Inzima futhi inkulu | ~20% kusinda kunevalvu ye-ASME B16.34 elingana nayo, edinga izisekelo zamapayipi eziqinile kanye nesikhala esengeziwe |
| Izindleko eziphezulu | Izinto ezengeziwe, ukukhiqiza okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokuhlolwa okuqinile |
| Ukusebenza kancane | Amavalvu esango athatha ithuba eliningi ukuvula noma ukuvala ngokuphelele |
| Ingozi yokuguguleka kwesihlalo | I-wedge iyashelela ezihlalweni ngesikhathi sokushaya, okungabangela ukucasuka kwezinye izinsizakalo |
| Akuyona eyokubhoboza | Ukuvulwa okuyingxenye konakalisa isihlalo futhi kuqhekeke ngokushesha |
| Kudingeka i-torque ephezulu | Umehluko omkhulu wokucindezela udinga ama-actuator aqinile |
I-ASME B16.34 Gate Valve – Izinzuzo
| Inzuzo | Kungani Kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza okubanzi | Imboza isango, imbulunga, isheke, ibhola, uvemvane - noma yiliphi iqembu lezinto ezibonakalayo |
| Kujwayelekile kakhulu | Amathebula okushisa kokucindezela enza ukukhetha kube lula futhi aqinisekise ukuthi kuyashintshana |
| Ukuguquguquka komklamo | Akukho siciko sensimbi esiphoqelelwe noma isiqu esiqinile - umenzi angenza ngcono |
| Izindleko eziphansi | Ubukhulu bodonga obuncane busindisa izinto zokwakha kanye nomshini wokulungisa |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezahlukene | Isebenza ku-oyili negesi, ugesi, amakhemikhali, amanzi kanye nemboni ejwayelekile |
I-ASME B16.34 Gate Valve – Ububi
| Ububi | Kungani Kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Inzuzo encane yesevisi enzima | Udonga oluncane alunikezi ukugqwala okwengeziwe noma ukuguguleka |
| Akukho ukuthuthukiswa okuqondene nomkhakha | Ayinazo izivivinyo ezithile zefektri yokucwenga (isb., ukuphepha komlilo, ukukhishwa okuphansi komoya ongcolile) |
| Akuphephile ngokuzenzakalelayo emlilweni | Kumelwe u-ode ngokucacile umklamo ovikela umlilo uma kudingeka |
Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Okusheshayo – I-API 600 vs I-ASME B16.34
| Isici | I-API 600 Gate Valve | I-valve yesango le-ASME B16.34 |
|---|---|---|
| Uhlobo olujwayelekile | Okuqondene nomkhakha (uwoyela negesi) | Izinga elijwayelekile lesisekelo |
| Izinhlobo zamavalvu ezimboziwe | Amavalvu esango elijiyile/eligoqekile kuphela | Zonke izinhlobo zamavalvu ezivamile |
| Uhla lwengcindezi | Iklasi 150 - 2500 | Iklasi 150 - 4500 |
| Ububanzi bosayizi | I-NPS 2 - 48 | Kuya ngohlobo lwevalvu |
| Ubukhulu bodonga | Isisindo (ngemvume yokugqwala) | Okuncane (okusekelwe ekucindezelekeni) |
| Uhlobo lwesivalo | Insimbi ephoqelekile - ibe yinsimbi | Ithambile noma insimbi (ongakukhetha) |
| Umklamo wesiqu | Iqinile, ububanzi obukhulu | Kungaba okuqinile |
| Ibhore | I-Full Bore kuphela | Imbobo encishisiwe ivunyelwe |
| Ukuphepha emlilweni | Isihlalo sensimbi (inherent) | Akudingeki |
| Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile | Izindawo zokuhluza, umusi ocindezela kakhulu, izinto eziqinile ezishisa kakhulu | Amanzi, i-HVAC, amakhemikhali ajwayelekile, umusi ophansi wokucindezela |
Indlela Yokukhetha Phakathi Kwama-API 600 kanye nama-ASME B16.34 Gate Valve
Isihluthulelo ukuqonda lokhoI-API 600 yakhelwe phezu kwe-ASME B16.34I-valve yesango le-API 600 kumele futhi ihlangabezane nezilinganiso zokushisa kwengcindezi ze-ASME B16.34. Ngamanye amazwi, i-API 600 iyi-**inguqulo eqinisiwe** ngomsebenzi onzima.
Khetha i-API 600 uma:
- Imithombo iqukethe i-sulfur, i-hydrogen, ama-catalyst fines, noma izinhlayiya ze-coke.
- Umfutho womusi udlula i-5 MPa (≈725 psi).
- Ivalvu isendaweni enobungozi bomlilo futhi ufuna ukuphepha komlilo okungokwemvelo.
- Ipayipi linemijikelezo yokushisa noma ukudlidliza okuvamile - isiqu esiqinile nodonga olunzima lumelana nokukhathala.
Khetha i-ASME B16.34 uma:
- Imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile, umoya, igesi engasebenzi, noma uwoyela olula.
- Ikilasi lokucindezela liyiKilasi 150 noma iKilasi 300 elisensimini engagqwali.
- Uhlelo luyi-HVAC, amanzi asetshenziswayo, noma amanzi omlilo.
- Udinga ivalvu engeyona isango (imbulunga, itshekhi, ibhola) – khona-ke i-ASME B16.34 iyindinganiso yakho eyisisekelo.
Icala elikhethekile - imboni yamandla:Ama-valve wamandla acindezelwe kakhulu avame ukudinga kokubili i-API 600 kanye ne-ASME B16.34, kanye nezindinganiso ezengeziwe ezifana ne-ASME B16.34 Class 4500 noma i-MSS SP‑144 ukuze kusetshenziswe insizakalo yokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu.
Imicabango Yokugcina
I-API 600futhiI-ASME B16.34abancintisani – bafeza izinjongo ezahlukene. I-ASME B16.34 inikezaphansiukuze kuklanywe amavalvu aphephile kuzo zonke izimboni. I-API 600 inezelauphahla olunzimakwemikhakha kawoyela, igesi, kanye ne-petrochemical.
Uma ucacisa i-valve yesango ejwayelekile ye-refinery hydrotreater noma umugqa omkhulu womusi, sebenzisa i-API 600. Isisindo esengeziwe kanye nezindleko kukhokha ngokuthembeka nokuphepha.
Uma udinga i-valve yesango elijwayelekile lomugqa wamanzi opholile noma umusi ophansi, i-ASME B16.34 yanele ngokuphelele futhi iyonga kakhulu.
Ukuqonda lobu budlelwano kukusiza ugweme ukucacisa ngokweqile (ukuchitha imali) noma ukungacacisi kahle (ukuba sengozini yokwehluleka).
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Izinkomba (zokuqinisekisa umfundi - imithombo yokuqala iyaphakanyiswa)
- I-API Std 600:2021 – Amavalvu Esango Lensimbi
- ASME B16.34-2020 – Amavalvu – Isiphetho Esinezimbobo, Esinentambo, kanye Nesokushisela
- Imikhuba emihle kakhulu yemboni evela kubakhiqizi abakhulu bama-valve kanye neziqondiso zobunjiniyela
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-27-2026