I-Wedge Gate Valve: Umhlahlandlela Wobuchwepheshe Wonjiniyela Nokuthengwa Kwempahla

1. Iyini iValvu Yesango Le-Wedge Eqinile?

I-valve yesango eliqinile eliyi-wedge iyilungu elithuthukile le-ivalvu yesango le-wedgeumndeni. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi idiski yesango imbozwe ngokuphelele noma yenziwe ngokuphelele ngezinto ezinwebekayo (ngokuvamile irabha ye-EPDM) esikhundleni somklamo wendabuko wokuvala insimbi yonke. Lokhu kwakha kuhloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuvala okuthembekile okuqondene nezinhlangothi ezimbili ngenkathi kugwenywa izinkinga ezivamile zokunamathela kanye nokusebenza kwe-torque ephezulu ezitholakala kuma-valve esango aqinile avamile.

Ngokungafani nama-valve esango le-wedge avamile ahlala ensimbini, isango le-valve yesango le-wedge eliqinile livame ukuba umzimba wensimbi othambile one-EPDM embozwe ngokuphelele yerabha ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuvunyelwa kwamanzi okuphuza. Lapho ivala, ungqimba lwerabha olunwebekayo luthintana ngokuqinile nesihlalo somzimba we-valve, kunokuba luthintane ngokuqinile nensimbi nensimbi. Kusukela ngawo-1980, ama-valve esango le-wedge eliqinile abe yisinqumo esiyinhloko kumanethiwekhi okwelapha nokusabalalisa amanzi, ikakhulukazi ngobukhulu obufika ku-DN600. Namuhla, abakhiqizi abahamba phambili bandise ububanzi obufika ku-DN1000 noma ngisho ku-DN1200.

Ukubaluleka kokuthengwa: Amavalvu esango eliqinile anikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi, ekukhipheni amanzi kanye nasekuphathweni kwamanzi angcolile. Indawo yokuvala irabha imelana ngempumelelo nokuguguleka kwezinto ezincane endaweni, futhi azidingi ukugoqwa okunembile kobuso bokuvala insimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokulungisa.

2. Isebenza Kanjani Ivalvu Yesango Le-Wedge?

I-valve yesango le-wedge iyi-valve ephenduka kaningi: isiqu sayo siqhuba isango ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo okunezintambo. Isango lihamba ngokuqondile liye ohlangothini lokugeleza.

Uchungechunge lokusebenza:

1.Ukuvala: Uma isondo lesandla noma i-actuator iphendulwa ngokwewashi, isiqu sihambisa isango liye phansi. Ubuso obubili bokuvala besango elinomumo wedge baklanywe ngengaphezulu elijiyile kanye nephansi elincane. Njengoba isango lehla ezihlalweni zomzimba, izindawo ze-wedge zikhiqiza isenzo sokuphoqa phakathi kwezihlalo. Lesi senzo siguqula amandla okusebenza e-axial abe yingcindezi yokuvala ye-radial, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukuvala okuqinile. Lolu uhlobo lokuvala ngamandla - amandla okuvala ngokuyinhloko avela ekusebenzeni kwangaphandle, hhayi ekucindezelweni komugqa.

2.Ukuvula: Isiqu sijikeleza ngakolunye uhlangothi, siphakamisa isango lisuke ezihlalweni futhi sivule ngokuphelele indlela yokugeleza. Uma livuliwe ngokuphelele, ivalvu yesango inikeza indlela yokugeleza eqondile, engavimbelwe enokumelana noketshezi okuphansi kakhulu, futhi ivumela ukudlula kwezingulube zamapayipi.

3.Izici zokusebenza: Ngenxa yokuthi isiqu sidinga ukujika kaningi ukuze kuqedwe ukushaywa okugcwele, amavalvu esango ayavuleka futhi avaleke kancane. Lesi sici esingokwemvelo sisiza futhi ukuvimbela imiphumela yesando samanzi.

Inothi elibalulekile: Amavalvu esango le-Wedge aklanyelwe isevisi evulekile noma evalwe ngokuphelele. Akufanele asetshenziswe njengamavalvu okubhoboza. Isango elivuleke kancane lizoguguleka futhi lithinteke ngoketshezi, okungalimaza ubuso bokuvala futhi kubangele ukudlidliza nomsindo.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-Wedge Gate Valve

Ama-valve esango le-Wedge angahlukaniswa ngokwemigomo eminingana:

3.1 Ngu-Gate Disc Construction

Phakathi kwalokhu, ukwakheka kwe-wedge eguquguqukayo kuhlanganisa izinzuzo zama-disc aqinile namabili futhi kuyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje kuma-valve esango le-bore wedge aphakathi kuya kwamakhulu.

3.2 Ngokucushwa Kwe-Stem

• Isiqu esiphakamayo (isikulufu sangaphandle kanye nejoka)– Isiqu siya phezulu naphansi ngokusebenza, sinikeza isibonakaliso esibonakalayo sendawo yevalvu.

•Isiqu esingavuki (isikulufu sangaphakathi)– Isiqu siyajikeleza ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwe-axial; isiqu se-stem sihamba phezulu/phansi. Kufanelekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokuphakama okulinganiselwe kokufakwa.

3.3 Ngendlela Yokusebenza

Okwenziwa ngesandla, ngogesi, ngomoya, ngogesi, njll.

3.4 Ngohlobo Lokuxhumeka

I-Flanged, i-butt-welding, uhlobo lwe-wafer, njll.

4. Umehluko Phakathi Kwama-Wedge Gate Valve Nama-Parallel Gate Valve

Amavalvu esango ahlukaniswe ngokuyisisekelo ngezinhlobo ze-wedge kanye nezinhlobo ezihambisanayo ngokusekelwe ku-geometry yesango. Umehluko wawo oyinhloko yilokhu:

Isiqondiso sokukhetha: Khetha ama-valve esango le-wedge lapho kudingeka ukuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nokuvalwa kwezinhlangothi zombili. Ukuze uthole umusi oshisayo kakhulu, amanzi okuhambisa amanzi ebhoyila noma ezinye izinsizakalo ezinokujikeleza okushisa okuvamile, ama-valve esango elihambisanayo agwema ukugoba okushisa futhi kungaba yisinqumo esingcono.

5. Izindinganiso Zokuklama Ezisebenzayo Zama-Wedge Gate Valve

Ukuklama, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-valve esango le-wedge kumele kuhambisane nochungechunge lwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe eziqinile. Lezi zindinganiso ziqinisekisa ikhwalithi, ukushintshaniswa kanye nokuphepha. Izindinganiso ezinkulu zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe zifingqiwe ngezansi ukuze zibhekwe ngabasebenzi bobunjiniyela kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla ngesikhathi sokukhetha nokwamukelwa.

5.1 Izindinganiso Zikazwelonke ZaseShayina (GB) kanye Nezimboni (JB)

Emakethe yasekhaya,Amavalvu Esango Le-Wedgengokuvamile balandela lezi zindinganiso:

Ngaphambilini, i-JB/T 1739‑1992 (“Izakhi zesakhiwo sama-valve – Isikhala sesihlalo kanye nobukhulu be-angle ye-wedge yama-valve esango le-wedge”) yayibhekisele ngqo kuma-angle wedge, kodwa yahoxiswa ngo-2005. Namuhla, ukukhethwa kwe-angle ye-wedge kusekelwe emikhubeni yokuklama yomkhiqizi ngamunye kanye nezimo zangempela zesevisi.

5.2 Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke (i-API, i-ASME, i-AWWA, njll.)

Kumaphrojekthi okuthumela ngaphandle noma imiklamo ejwayelekile yaseMelika, amazinga alandelayo avame ukwamukelwa:

5.3 Izindinganiso Ezinikezelwe Zamavalvu Esango Le-Resilient Wedge (Imboni Yamanzi)

Ngokuphathelene nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi, i-American Water Works Association (AWWA) isungule uchungechunge oluzinikele:

•I-ANSI/AWWA C509– Izinga elijwayelekile lama-valve esango ahlala ngokuqinile (amasentimitha angu-3 nangaphezulu, kufika ku-250 psig). Licacisa izidingo zesembozo esiqinile (ukunamathela ngokwe-ASTM D429), izivalo zesiqu, ukuvala okuqinile kwebhamuza okuqondiswayo, njll.

•I-ANSI/AWWA C515– Izinga elijwayelekile lamavalvu esango le-wedge eliqinile le-ductile-iron ububanzi obukhulu (ngokuvamile amasentimitha angu-4 nangaphezulu), anobukhulu obuqinile bodonga nezidingo zezinto zokwakha.

•I-AWWA C111/A21.11– Izinga elijwayelekile lamalunga ane-gasket yerabha (eyenziwe ngomshini kanye ne-push-on), elisebenza ekuxhumeni kokuphela kwemishini.

5.4 Ezinye Izindinganiso Ezifanele

5.5 Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okuthengwa Nokwamukelwa

Lapho bekhetha futhi bemukela ama-valve esango le-wedge, abasebenzi bokuthenga kufanele baqinisekise izici ezilandelayo zokuthobela imithetho:

1.Ukuqinisekiswa okujwayelekile komklamo– Qinisekisa ukuthi ivalvu iklanyelwe inguqulo ejwayelekile efanele (isib. GB/T 12234, API 600 noma AWWA C509) yesevisi ehlosiwe.

2.Ubukhulu bobuso nobuso– Qinisekisa ukuthi ubude bevalvu buhambisana ne-GB/T 12221 noma i-ASME B16.10 ukuqinisekisa ukushintshana endaweni.

3.Ukuhambisana kwe-Flange– Qinisekisa ukuthi indinganiso yeflange (JB/T 79, GB/T 9113, ASME B16.5, njll.) ifana nohlelo lwamapayipi.

4.Ukubuyekezwa kombiko wokuhlolwa– Cela imibiko yokuhlolwa kwefektri ngokuhambisana ne-JB/T 9092 noma i-API 598, okuhlanganisa amandla egobolondo, isihlalo sangemuva, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuvuza kwesihlalo.

5.Izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo– Ukuze uthole ama-valve esango eliqinile, thola isitifiketi sezinto zokumboza ze-EPDM kanye nemibiko yokuhlola ukunamathela.

6.Ukuhlolwa kokumaka– Qinisekisa ukuthi ukumakwa komzimba we-valve kuyahlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-GB/T 12220 (umenzi, usayizi, izinto zokwakha, isigaba sokucindezela, njll.).

6. Iyini i-Wedge Angle ye-Wedge Gate Valve?

I-angle ye-wedge ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuklama ama-valve esango le-wedge, ethinta ngqo ukuthembeka kokuvala, i-torque yokusebenza kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokushisa.

6.1 Amanani E-engeli Ejwayelekile Ye-Wedge

I-engeli ephakathi kobuso bokuvala ngabunye kanye nomugqa oqondile (okungukuthi, i-engeli ye-wedge) ivame ukukhethwa kumanani ajwayelekile alandelayo:

•2°52′
•3°30′
•5° (okuvamile kakhulu)
•8°
•10°

Phakathi kwalezi, i-5° iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ivalvu yesango elihambisanayo ingabhekwa njengecala elikhethekile eline-engeli engu-0° wedge.

6.2 Izici Ezithonya Ukukhethwa Kwe-Wedge Angle

I-angle ye-wedge incike kakhulu ekushiseni kokusebenza kwe-medium:

•Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, i-engeli kufanele ibe nkulu - lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokubopha ngokushisa ngenxa yokwanda kwesango ngokushisa.

•Kwimidiya yokushisa okuphansi, i-engeli encane efana no-2°52′ ivame ukukhethwa.

•Ngezinsizakalo zokushisa okuphezulu, ama-engeli amakhulu (5°, 8° noma ngisho no-10°) ayathandwa.

6.3 Izimiso Zokuklama ze-Wedge Angle

I-engeli ye-wedge ayiyona into engavamile. Ukuma kwe-wedge kuhloswe ukukhiqiza ingcindezi eyengeziwe yokuvala ngomshini lapho i-valve ivala. I-engeli encane ikhiqiza amandla amakhulu okuvala nge-radial ohambweni olufanayo lwe-axial, okunikeza ukuvala okuthembekile, kodwa kudinga ukunemba okuphezulu komshini futhi kuthambekele kakhulu ekushiseni okushisayo. I-engeli enkulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, ivumela ukusebenza okubushelelezi kanye nengozi encane yokubopha, kodwa idinga ukushaya okude kokuvala ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla afanayo okuvala.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinga elikhethekile le-JB/T 1739‑1992 lahoxiswa ngo-2005. Njengamanje, ukukhethwa kwe-wedge angle kusekelwe emithethweni yokuklama yomkhiqizi ngamunye kanye nezimo ezithile zesevisi.

7. Amaphuzu Engeziwe Okuthakazelisayo Kochwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Nokuthenga

7.1 Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe Ajwayelekile Amavalvu Esango Le-Resilient Wedge

•Izilinganiso zokucindezela: Amanani avamile yi-PN16 (ibha eli-16), i-200 psi (ibha eli-13.8) CWP, i-300 psi (ibha eli-20.7), njll.

•Ibanga lokushisaIzinhlobo ezihlala ngerabha zivame ukukhawulelwa ku-‑10°C kuya ku-+130°C; izinhlobo ezihlala ngensimbi zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu.

•Ububanzi bosayizi: DN50 kuya ku-DN1000+.

•Izinto zomzimba: Insimbi ephothiwe, insimbi ethambile, njll.

•Izinto zokuvala: Irabha ye-EPDM (izinga lamanzi okuphuza).

7.2 Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zamavalvu Esango Le-Resilient Wedge

•Uziro oqondene nezinhlangothi ezimbiliUkuvala ukuvuza – i-wedge yerabha eqinile ihlinzeka ngokuvala okuqinile kwe-bubble.

•I-torque yokusebenza ephansi– ukungqubuzana kwerabha ngokumelene nensimbi kuphansi kakhulu kunensimbi kuya ensimbini.

•Akukho ukunamathela– i-wedge eqinile ingaguquguquka kancane, ngakho ayiminyanisi ezihlalweni njenge-wedge eqinile.

•Impilo yenkonzo ende– izinto eziqinile zinciphisa ukuguguleka kobuso obuvalayo.

7.3 Izincomo Zokuthengwa Kwempahla

1. Qondanisa izimo zesevisi– Khetha i-engeli ye-wedge efanele ngokusekelwe ekushiseni okuphakathi; ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zokushisa okuphezulu, cabanga ngemiklamo ye-wedge eguquguqukayo noma yesango elihambisanayo.

2. Ukuthobela imithetho ejwayelekile– Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele njenge-EN 1074, BS 5163, AWWA C550, njll.

3. Ukuvikelwa kokugqwala– Hlola ungqimba lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle (isb., i-fusion-bonded epoxy powder – FBE).

4. Uhlobo lwe-Activation– Khetha i-actuator ekhuphukayo/engavuki, eyesandla/ekagesi/yomoya ngokwezidingo zendawo.

Amavalvu Esango Le-Wedgeziphakathi kwama-valve okuhlukaniswa asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamapayipi. Ukukhetha kwawo kuhilela izinto eziningi zobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kokuvala, ukukhetha i-wedge angle, ukuhambisana kwezinto kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sinikeza ireferensi ewusizo kokubili kochwepheshe bobunjiniyela kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla ekukhetheni kwabo amaphrojekthi kanye nezinqumo zokuthenga.